ULEZ FINES | Bishop of London Rt Hon Dame Sarah Mullally to her legal duty of enforcing the Confirmation of the Charters Act 1297 on Justices' & Mayor | ALL the Ancient Liberties of London Magna Carta

Some more useful exhibit evidence from National Archives

HL/PO/JO/10/1/305 (1661) supports a no toll River Thames with also no cargo tax, unlike other ports. This needs more research but it is itself good evidence for 1661 and river liberty

Map of Ancient tolls outside London known of on record

These are the recorded tolls from the rest of the nation that someone has recorded. I will add these for context and reference

Bylaw of Ancient London Liberty cannot be Repealed or otherwise contravened by Parliament nor Mayor

So this "Bylaws" Section 76 of the Greater London Authority Act 1999 the byelaw of Magna Carta is set in National not Local law and the Mayor cannot override it.

As no orders can be made or laws against it.. so this cannot give the London Mayor powers that even Government do not have.

Also the Ancient London Liberties could be considered ancient privileges in terminology also.

Entire London Congestion Charge and Ulez rests on literally one provision. Which is Feeble and they never repealed Magna Carta

Section 295 of the Greater London Authority Act only gives powers to the authority itself and does not take away existing bylaw of 1297 London Liberty. Nor does this 1999 act repeal the Great Charter or Confirmation of the Charters 1297.

It effectively gives the Mayor the analogy of permission to Charge certain pieces on a chess board when an existing law that still is in force says no black squares can ever be charged. It merely gives him authority to introduce charges to the board (where otherwise no overriding law prevents it) 

Greater London authority Act 1999

So, it is this Greater London authority act 1999 which was put through under a Tony Blair government and the first new Mayor role Ken Livingstone.

I find the year 1999 rather ironic to the year, also and the fact the claim is that it is unlawful! And we need enforcement and 999 was the traditiomal police call number.

The act is here. I am going to go through it and scrutinize its lawfulness https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/29/contents

I will note that in the debate that i linked in the video to the previous update, the overwhelming opinions of the conservatives who spoke were against the Scheme. There was a case in the high court with i believe Judge Swift taking place at the same time 

26th June Parliament debate evidence Ulez Zone | Petitions

I dont seem able to embedd this video. It is supposed to show. I also have shorter sample clips from it. The Conservatives appear very opposed to the whole idea and charges.

• • https://www.youtube.com/live/G6pJpP25r_c?si=LY9XAgI73NwEd2eJ
    

Here are the majority of leads from historians to find further evidence that can clarify. I hope that Emily King does check here and find this info as i forgot to include it in the main petition body

The King’s Peace and the Protection of Roads: An Analysis of Ancient Law Codes

The King's Peace was a significant legal principle in medieval England, providing royal protection over certain routes, including major roads such as Watling Street (A5), Fosse Way, and Ermine Street (A1). These roads, essential for trade, communication, and military movements, were safeguarded by a series of royal edicts and venerable law codes. 

1. The King's Peace in Early English Law

The concept of the King's Peace can be traced back to the reigns of early English monarchs, particularly William I (William the Conqueror) and Edward the Confessor. These kings issued laws to ensure the safety and security of the realm, with specific provisions for the protection of major roads.

Leis Willelmi (WI 26): The Laws of William I, also known as the "Leis Willelmi," codified various aspects of governance, including the protection of roads under the King's Peace. Clause 26 (WI 26) is believed to emphasize the safeguarding of major routes such as Watling Street, prohibiting unlawful tolls and ensuring safe passage for travelers.

Laws of Edward the Confessor (ECf 12): Edward the Confessor’s legal codes also included provisions for the King's Peace. Clause 12 (ECf 12) likely reinforced the protections over these roads, echoing earlier legal traditions and ensuring that royal authority extended to these vital thoroughfares.

2. References in the Domesday Book

The Domesday Book, completed in 1086 under William I, serves as one of the earliest and most comprehensive records of land and resources in England. Within its entries, there are references to the King's rights over certain roads, which imply the continuation of royal protection established in earlier law codes.

Domesday Book, Folio 881 (DB i.1) and Folio 1700 (DB i.298v): These specific entries note the royal prerogatives over key routes, such as Watling Street, Fosse Way, and Ermine Street. The references suggest that these roads were under the direct protection of the Crown, further reinforcing the notion that they were safeguarded by the King's Peace.

3. Historical and Mythological Accounts

Beyond legal texts, historical and semi-mythological sources provide additional context for the King's Peace on these roads.

Henry of Huntingdon’s "Historia Anglorum" (HA 1.7, pp. 24-25): In this early 12th-century chronicle, Henry of Huntingdon discusses the protection of roads by the King's edicts and venerable law codes. He notes that these roads were "protected by the edicts of the Kings and by venerable law codes," and cites early legal sources (Leis WI 26 and ECf 12) as the basis for this protection.

Geoffrey of Monmouth’s "Historia Regum Britanniae" (3.5, 281): Although Geoffrey’s work is more mythological, it reflects the same tradition of royal protection over roads. His account mirrors the language found in earlier legal texts, suggesting a longstanding recognition of the King's Peace over these key routes.

4. Influence of Roman and Carolingian Law

The King's Peace in medieval England was likely influenced by earlier legal traditions, particularly from Roman and Carolingian sources. These influences are evident in the legal codes that were adopted and adapted by early English rulers.

Lex Baiuvariorum and Lex Alamannorum: These early Germanic law codes, which themselves were influenced by Roman law, contained specific provisions for the protection of roads. For example:

Lex Baiuvariorum 4.30, p. 335 and 10.19, p. 394: These clauses emphasize the responsibility of the ruler to protect roads, a principle that likely influenced the King's Peace in England.

Lex Alamannorum 57.4: This clause, from another Germanic law code, similarly highlights the importance of royal protection over roads, further supporting the notion that such protections were a common feature in medieval European law.

5. Conclusion

The King's Peace over roads such as Watling Street, Fosse Way, and Ermine Street was underpinned by a combination of English royal law codes, historical traditions, and earlier Roman and Carolingian legal principles. The protections ensured safe passage for travelers, prohibited unlawful tolls, and maintained the roads as vital arteries of the kingdom. These roads, critical to the economic and military infrastructure of medieval England, were thus safeguarded by the full authority of the Crown, as reflected in the various law codes and historical records.

ROMAN ORIGINS OF THE LAW

I also found this, which indicates that the Roman Empire that extended to Britain. Did have tolls.

And the basis for certain main routes being toll free like Watling street and The City of London. So this likeley is the Origin of all this. If the Celts didnt have tolls. Also, after the Roman empire withdrew and through and after the Anglo Saxon period the toll free London was retained.  It was not until the 1700s that some tolls were eatablished to help fund the maintenance of some roads and repair...  And this is what resulted in Tolls around the outer reaches of London. Not within the city, due to the laws.  Also other tolls around the country. 

They couldnt put them inside the city due to Magna Carta and really if they stopped travel through the main route of Watling street it would be illegal also 

The London congestion charge cannot have been lawful. Trying to call it a congestiom charge was deception attempt.  Really the argument should be that has London itself grown and do the protections really extend? Rather than be non existent at all?

____________________________________________

Yes, the Romans collected tolls on some roads, but not on all of them:

Tolls on some roads: The Starkenberger dynasty of Tyrol collected tolls on the Via Claudia Augusta to recoup their investment in renovating the road.

No tolls on the Roman internal market: The Roman internal market did not levy tolls or customs. 

 The Roman government was responsible for financing road building, but maintenance was usually left to the province. The curatores viarum were the officials in charge of fundraising, which could include: Asking private citizens to contribute to road repairs, Receiving donations from high officials, and Requiring taxes. 

 The Roman Empire had a large network of roads, with an estimated total length of over 400,000 kilometers. The roads were important for maintaining the stability and expansion of the empire. 

From one extreme to another

It seems we have gone from the extreme of terrible roads to now well over maintained roads that take from us and our walletts more than the carts used to take from the trenches 🙄

https://www.tringlocalhistory.org.uk/Tring/c_chapter%2002.htm

Christians participate in the Tommy Robinson London Rally Protest

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